W2L? Want 2 Learn? Mobile Broadband Networks are the crucial element between endpoints and operators/clouds. The who controls - not owns - this element controls the world. Critical and dangerous simultaneously. Hang-in NOW to learn about 5G Your entry point and backup for your forensics future.
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NR New Radio - never heard before? With 5G it will come. See the latest in 5G dev by 3GPP 5G summit on April 6th.
Just fly over - you just learn by watching and no reading -)
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Verizon in colab with South Korea Telecom works fast on 5G. See the new specs here
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Your chance to get a Mobile GigaBand expert. Hang-in now!
In LTE or LTE-A a Mobile Station MS is actually connected over Multiple Input Multiple Output MIMO with the evolved Node B eNB. By underlying a bandwidth of 20MHz and two carriers (Carrier Aggregation CA) you get a total of 40MHz bandwidth (downlink). This is called 2 spatial multiplexing layers, think about downlink and uplink count as 1 spatial multiplexing layer. The uplink Peak to Average Power Ratio PAPR is limited to Single Carrier SC-PAPR as the MS has limited power resources to spend. In coming 5G it was defined that the waveform will be Cyclic Prefix - Orthogonal Frequency Divison Multiplexing CP-OFDM (orthogonal stands for rectangular). But in 5G things are different.
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You see there you get now 8-16 spatial multiplexing layers (Spatial Streams) and 5G will be based on massive MIMO (multiple Carriers by 4x4 MIMO) and the MS could be connected to multiple cells (pico cells, small cells and (big) macro cells are often mixed in urban areas and called Heterogenous Net, short HetNet).
Cell Site Analysis and triangulation could be much more precise based on geometrics and vectors but on the other side looms an explosion of antenna connection points. Up to 5 points (5 Carriers Aggregated = 5 CA) - remember a user with mobile often is moving and therefore mobile - have to be investigated.
How has law enforcement to prepare for this? To wait until 5G is rolled-out is too late.
Share your thoughts please.
If you want to learn about Cyclic Prefix Frequency Division Multiple Access CP-FDMA as the defined 5G waveform you find a Qualcomm research paper here. Notice that in the race for 5G two types of players are in the game Network-side, the infrastructure and User-side the 5G modem (modulation, demodulation) manufacturers like Qualcomm).
Mobile Forensics primary focus on the User-side like the mobiles, IoT, cars etc.. Digital Crime tries to hack-up prepaid amounts, hide and fake IMEIs, location-cascade-hiding etc.
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As this is a reseach paper consider that just step by step finally defined elements occur out of new 3GPP Rel. 14 standards.
You have 2-3 years left to become a 5G forensics expert. Take your chance -)
In this video you learn how signalling and data runs in LTE, well explained -)
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Connectec Mode Discontinuous Reception C-DRX is a term you should know. Even if there is no traffic a UE has to keep listening to the network (paging). DRX saves battery life. If a network is run by DRC it means only in RRC_Idle state the RF transceiver can sleep. In C-DRX immediately after the last subframe loaded with data arrived two short-DRX cycles followed by two long-DRX cycles start. In both cycle types after two subframes the RF transeiver can sleep - save battery drain.
C-DRX saves more battery drain than 'default' DRX.
Learn here
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You really W2L? The hard piece here
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Next will come WTTx
WTTx - as promised Wireless To The x
As the 2,4GHz ISM band is overcrowded the 3GPP body focusses on 5GHz with the approach of Licensed Assisted Access LAA. This means license royalties can be avoided (licensed assisted) to offload traffic (e.g. WiFi offloading aka LTE WLAN interworking, WiFi calling). The problem of coexistence with ordinary WiFi 5GHz home users is part of the game (HeNB).
See here the (zip-file fom 3GPP server)
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Next will come 5G Americas
Just fly over this document to get a sense of 5G
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5G aims to 1ms latency (one way) and a few ms' delay (round trip). To achieve this the 5G core needs to come as close as possible to the endpoints which leads to Distributed (Dezentralized) 5G Core. Fly over the infographics to get a sense
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Test yourself What latency have actual LTE (4G) networks?